Constellations: Canes Venatici 'the Hunting Dogs'
Created | Updated Sep 20, 2017
Constellations: Overview
| Andromeda
| Antlia
| Apus
| Aquarius
| Aquila
| Ara
| Aries
| Auriga
| Boötes
| CaelumCamelopardalis | Cancer | Canes Venatici | Canis Major | Canis Minor | Capricornus | Carina | Cassiopeia | Centaurus
Cepheus | Cetus | Chamæleon | Circinus | Columba | Coma Berenices | Corona Australis | Corona Borealis | Corvus
Crater | Crux | Cygnus | Delphinus | Dorado | Draco | Equuleus | Eridanus | Fornax | Gemini | Grus | Hercules | Horologium
Hydra | Hydrus | Indus | Lacerta | Leo | Leo Minor | Lepus | Libra | Lupus | Lynx | Lyra | Mensa | Microscopium | Monoceros
Musca | Norma | Octans | Ophiuchus | Orion | Pavo | Pegasus | Perseus | Phoenix | Pictor | Pisces | Piscis Austrinus
Puppis | Pyxis | Reticulum | Sagitta | Sagittarius | Scorpius | Sculptor | Scutum | Serpens | Sextans | Taurus
Telescopium | Triangulum | Triangulum Australe | Tucana | Ursa Major | Ursa Minor | Vela | Virgo | Volans | Vulpecula
See planets wheeling overhead,
Mysterious and slow,
While morning buckles on his red,
And on the Dachshunds go.
– excerpt from the poem Dachshunds by William Jay Smith
Constellation Data
| Name: | Canes Venatici (Latin: 'hunting dogs') |
| Genitive: | Canum Venaticorum |
| Short form: | CVn |
| Area: | 465 sq deg |
| Co-ordinates1: | Right Ascension 13h, Declination +40° |
| Origin: | Modern |
Canes Venatici is a small northern constellation bordered by Ursa Major, Coma Berenices and Boötes. Although faint and therefore hard to detect, Canes Venatici has a wealth of interest for the deep-sky enthusiast, including the stunning Whirlpool Galaxy (M51) and a brilliant globular cluster harbouring over half a million stars.
History
In the 17th Century, Johannes Hevelius (1611 - 1687), the founder of lunar topography, delineated seven star formations which are included in the 88 internationally recognised modern constellations. Canes Venatici is supposed to represent the dogs Chara and Asterion straining at the leash being held by Boötes2.
Helvelius' other six star formations are: Lacerta, Leo Minor, Lynx, Scutum, Sextans and Vulpecula. These were introduced in the 1690 atlas Firmamentum Sobiescianum, published after his death by his second wife, Elisabeth (1647 - 1693), who was also an astronomer. Known as 'the mother of moon charts', her life was commemorated in the 2006 novel Die Sternjägerin (The Star Huntress) by Eric Walz.
Stars
The scientific star names are simple to understand (if you know your Greek alphabet). For example: the designation 'alpha' means the star is the brightest star in that constellation. The next brightest is designated 'beta' etc. Some stars have proper names as well; for example, alpha Canum Venaticorum is Cor Caroli. Others are known by their catalogue numbers or 'Bayer designation'.
Great Diamond Asterism
Alpha2 Canum Venaticorum, Cor Caroli ('heart of Charles'), is a third magnitude double star and one of the four partners of a little-known asterism, the Great Diamond of Spring. The other three stars forming the diamond shape are: Arcturus (alpha Boötis), Spica (alpha Virginis) and Denebola (beta Leonis).
Peculiar Star
Cor Caroli is a peculiar star, in that it has a unique spectral classification due to its unique composition: A0pSiEuHg. This reflects its size and mass and some of the chemical elements in its make-up (eg, Si=silicon). Scientists have measured silicon, europium and mercury among Cor Caroli's components - this star is magnetic!
SETI Target
Beta Canum Venaticorum, Chara, is named after the second 'hunting dog'. Sharing the same classification as our Sun, yellow dwarf Chara is a relative neighbour at just 26 light years3 distant. It was announced in 2006 that Chara is the top candidate star in the search for extra-terrestrial life.
We are intentionally biased toward stars that are like the Sun... these are places I'd want to live if God were to put our planet around another star.
- SETI seeker Margaret Turnbull of the NASA Terrestrial Planet Finder mission.
La Superba
Y Canum Venaticorum is a red giant carbon star which was given the common name La Superba by Italian astronomer and inventor Pietro Angelo Secchi (1818 - 1878).
Star Table
| Star | Designation | Name or
catalogue number | Brightness (m) | Distance
(light years) | Spectral classification and/or comments |
| α2 CVn | alpha2 CVn | Cor Caroli | +2.9 | 110 | Binary star system |
| β CVn | beta CVn | Chara | +4.2 var | 27 | Yellow dwarf |
| Y CVn | HD 110914 | La Superba | +5 var | 710 | Red giant |
Deep Space
Although a relatively small constellation, Canes Venatici contains a wealth of NGC4 objects and several of what Charles Messier would have described as 'non-comets'. King Louis XV of France called Messier the 'Comet Ferret' because it was his passion; anything he found which was not a comet (like a galaxy or globular cluster) went in his catalogue as a 'non-comet'. It is ironic Messier is remembered more for his non-comet collection than the 13 comets he discovered!
M51, the Whirlpool Galaxy, is a classic grand spiral galaxy of awesome proportions. It is mind-bogglingly huge, measuring over 60,000 light years across. Its celestial beauty has been imaged by a variety of ground telescopes and space observatories for a grateful audience 31 million light years distant.
M63 has the common name 'Sunflower Galaxy'. It is detectable with a small telescope just 5° north of Cor Caroli. This is also a classic grand design spiral and uncannily the same size as M51.
M106 is unusual in that it has two jets - that look like extra arms - which extend the width of the galaxy. It is one of the nearest examples of a Seyfert galaxy, characterised by having supermassive black holes at their core. This galaxy class is named after its discoverer: US astronomer Carl Seyfert (1911 - 1960).
Messier Table
| Catalogue | APOD Image | Type | Brightness (m) | Distance
(light years) | Remarks |
| M3
(NGC 5272) | M3 | Globular cluster | +6.2 | 33,900 | Around ½ million stars |
| M51
(NGC 5194) | Whirlpool Galaxy | ACW spiral | +8.4 | 31m | Interacting with NGC 5195 |
| M63
(NGC 5055) | Sunflower Galaxy | CW spiral galaxy | +8.1 | 35m | Discovered by Pierre Méchain in 1779 |
| M94
(NGC 4736) | M94 | CW spiral galaxy | +8.2 | 14.5m | Discovered by Pierre Méchain in 1781 |
| M106
(NGC 4258) | M106 | ACW spiral galaxy | +8.4 | 21m | Seyfert galaxy |
| NGC 5195 | NGC 5195 | Irregular galaxy | +9 | 31m | Interacting with M51 |
New General Catalogue
The New General Catalogue was compiled by John Louis Emil Dreyer, who directed the Armagh Observatory from 1882 to 1916.
Irregular galaxy NGC 5195 was discovered by French astronomer Pierre Méchain (1744 - 1804) in 1781. It is classed as a 'companion' of M51, a large grand-design spiral. Although they have interacted in the past, M51 now appears to be in front of NGC 5195, leaving the smaller relic in its wake. Supernova 1945A was detected in NGC 5195 on 8 April, 1945, by US astronomer Milton Lasell Humason (1891 - 1972). It reached magnitude +14.
NGC 5395 and NGC 5394 are interacting galaxies collectively known as Arp 84.
Meteor Showers
The space debris which creates a meteor shower comes from the tail of a comet entering the atmosphere as the Earth crosses the area where the comet passed previously on its own orbit. Imagine a trail of breadcrumbs, or sawdust like that used in hashing. There are no meteor showers connected with this constellation. Wikipedia mentions an associated meteor shower called the Canes Venaticids but the Bad Astronomy website debunks this information. The discussion revealed that US astronomer and author Gary W Kronk started the confusion by inadvertently referring to the Canids as the Canes Venaticids, which was copied. Kronk later corrected his error, but no-one noticed.
Extrasolar Planets
A hot gas giant planet, HAT-P-12 b, was discovered orbiting an orange dwarf star in 2009. In 2012 a hot superjovian planet, HAT-P-36 b, was discovered in orbit around a sun-like star.
