h2g2 The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy: Earth Edition

Just returned to China and happened to run into a newly-released
CCTV 9 (English Channel) program on Tibet and Dalai Lama which
included the showing of copies of purportedly "original" documents
and old film clippings in support of China's claims of the "truths"
(and untruths) of Tibet and Dalai Lama.

Some salient points :

1) Qianlong Emperor's Imperial Decree on Reincarnation of Dalai
Lama. The succession of Dalai Lama through the "reincarnation"
process of choosing the new Dalai Lama had always been filled with
intrigue, conspiracy and manipulation by Tibet's high priests and
nobility. During the Emperor Qianlong's reign, the situation became
so chaotic that petition for a ruling of the "reincarnation" reached
the Qing Court. Thereby, Qianlong issued "The Rules of Reincarnation"
- photos of the original written in Tibetan scripts
were shown.

Not only that the "reincarnation" of Dalai Lama was by human rule,
but Tibet in accepting the authority of the Qing Court was
indisputably part of China (before the decline of the Qing Dynasty
and China's internal strife and chaos of the following 200 years
leaving Tibet to her own devices).

2) The Rule of the Regent. When the present 14th Dalai Lama
was "chosen", he was some 8 years old. The real power behind Dalai
Lama was the Regent (named Dakdag) who relied on a wizzard endowed
with the ghost spirit to provide him with policy guidance - depicting
Tibet being a feudal and backward society ruled by superstitions
(true or untrue?).

3) Kuomintang's Tibet High Commissar. After the "unification" of
China under the KMT (in the 1930s through the Sino-Japan War leading
up to Liberation War), there were variuos KMT-appointed Tibet High
Commissars resident at Lhasa as the representative of the central
government of China. Old film clippings showed courteous relation
of Dalai Lama and the various Tibet High Commissars, and an
executive order issued to Dalai Lama signed by Chiang Kai Sek.

4) British Infiltration. After the surrender of Japan (circa 1945)
as the KMT and the CCP were engaged in the early stage of the civil
war, Tibet was left in a power vacuum. Taking advantage of the
situation,the British led an expedition from India into Tibet in an
attempt to create an "independent" state acting as a buffer between
British India and China (and Soviet Russia to the further north who
by then infiltrated Mongolia later creating the puppet state of
Outer Mongolia)). Old film clippings showed Dalai Lama and the
nobility courteously receiving the British officials at Lhasa. The
British army helped to train the Tibet army lasting 2-3 years.

5) Liberation of Tibet. After the founding of the PRC in 1949, the
PLA in driving out the ramnants of the KMT forces moved into and
liberated Tibet. This was welcome by Dalai (and Panchen) Lama.
There were close collaboration between Dalai (and Panchen) Lama
and the PRC officials which included Marshall Chen Yi.

6) The 1st National People's Congress (1954). Dalai Lama and
Panchen Lama attended the 1st NPC in Beijing meeting with Chairman
Mao.bestowing Mao with a large gold ornament of the shape of the
Tibet "Snow Lily"carved with words praising the "Great Leader".
Dalai Lama was appointed Vice Chairman of the NPC and Panchen Lama,
Vice Chairman of NPCC. Dalai Lama was shown giving a speech at the
NPC and visiting steel and shipbuilding factories (helped by the
Russians).

7) Preparatory Working Committee of the Tibet Autonomous Region
(1955). As a result of resolutions of the 1st NPC of the creation
of the TAR, the Committee was formed in 1955. Dalai Lama and Panchen
Lama were Chairman and First Vice Chariman of the Committee.

8) Conflict between the Tibetan "Serfs" and the Nobility. Under
the PRC, serfs were "liberated" and given own land for cultivation
thus the beginning of open conflict and internal strife between the
Tibetan land-owning nobility and its common people commencing around
1956 - especially those Tibetans in Yunan, Sichuan, Gansu and
Qinghai (where Dalai Lama was born - now a "trouble" spot ay Amdo,
Qinghai).

9) Dalai Lama's visit of India (1956). Dalai Lama went to India
in 1956. Old film clippings showed he was well received by Nehru.
Dalai Lama's two older brothers by then had "exiled" to India.
Purportedly, Dalai Lama was persuaded to remain in India. Zhou Anlai
personally wrote a letter to Dalai Lama persudaing his return to
Tibet (assuring him of his rightful position with the TAR). Dalai
Lama did return to Lhasa later.

10) CIA's involvement. By then in the midst of Korean Conflict, CIA
began to fund, train and supply some of the former Tibetan nobility
and their followers preparing to fight for an independent Tibet.
The CCTV program did not accuse Dalai Lama of direct involvement
or collaboration with the CIA.

11) 1959 Coupe. By 1959, there was a coup by the Tibetan army
surrounding Lhasa which was quickly put down by the PLA. Rumours
were circulating that the PLA planned to capture Dalai Lama
by inviting him to a dance performance at the Tibet Military Club
in Lhasa.

12) Dalai Lama's choice of exile. Surrounded by the nobility and
high Buddhist priests, Dalai Lama was "forced" to make a choice (of
siding with the PRC or going into exile). In the late night of 14th
March 1959, Dalai Lama left his fate to the "Heavenly Spirit" - by
placing a script of paper inside each of 3 mud balls to be rolled
in a bowl (similar to fortune cookies in a Chinese restaurant in
America). The mud ball that spinned off the bowl was one for exile.

The CCTV English program was over-all even-handed - no excessive
rhetorics of condemnation of Dalai Lama. The intent (I guess) was
to be rebroadcasted by some of the western media in an attempt
to tell China's side of the story - and unmasking some of the
blantant untruths and myths on Dalai Lama and Tibet (up to his
exile).

>>Tibet in accepting the authority of the Qing Court was
indisputably part of China (before the decline of the Qing Dynasty
and China's internal strife and chaos of the following 200 years
leaving Tibet to her own devices).<<

1) So a conquered nation acheieved independence while it's conquerors fell apart. You think that gives you a permanent claim to Tibet?

>>depicting Tibet being a feudal and backward society ruled by superstitions
(true or untrue?).<<

2) Mostly true. But the Dalai Lama has said Tibet won't be going back to feudalism if he was to return - Tibet would become democratic, just as the current government-in-exile is.

Regardless of whether we deem Tibet to be backwards or not, it was the way of life most Tibetans seemed to genuinely want.

>>Old film clippings showed courteous relation
of Dalai Lama and the various Tibet High Commissars, and an
executive order issued to Dalai Lama signed by Chiang Kai Sek.<<

3) A number of ambassadors had residences in Lhasa at that time. And the Kuomintang, as the legal government of China at the time, was treated like any other foreign delegation.

>>Tibet was left in a power vacuum. Taking advantage of the
situation,the British led an expedition from India into Tibet in an
attempt to create an "independent" state acting as a buffer between
British India and China (and Soviet Russia to the further north who
by then infiltrated Mongolia later creating the puppet state of
Outer Mongolia))<<

4) Wrong - there were no British troops in Tibet after the Second World War. Why would Britain seek to expand India when it was just about to leave India?

>>Old film clippings showed Dalai Lama and the
nobility courteously receiving the British officials at Lhasa<<

Ambassadors, as noted above.

>>Liberation of Tibet. After the founding of the PRC in 1949, the
PLA in driving out the ramnants of the KMT forces moved into and
liberated Tibet. This was welcome by Dalai (and Panchen) Lama<<

5) That's a simple lie. Tibet wasn't liberated, it was conquered. It's government was overthrown and it became the subject of a communist dictatorship. If the Dalai Lama welcomed PLA troops in, why did his army put up a fight? Why did he flee into India?

All of your other points are lies, distortions of the truth, or the actions of someone desperate to keep himself and his people alive and relatively unharmed.

Slightly off-topic, but don't you people have better things to do than to post lies on an obscure British website? Is it really that important what we write?

1)the same to Northern Ireland.of course there major Irish were killed by british.but more than 90% tibetans living in Tibet.
2)what he said just was said not done.
3)Tibet have twoo leaders : one is Dalai Lama and the other is Panchen Lama.
4)no bitish troops,but there were bitish officials.
5)lie? hehe,that is your rights,but fact is always fact.do you know when he flee into India? and why was that time rather than 1950?

Paharps there were lots of lies,yours or ours.of course we found many lies of your medias and Dalai Lama from this Lhasa Roit.the fact is many persons includig sseveral Tibetans were killed by Thugs who leaded by Dalai Lama-the claimed peaceful man.

>>the same to Northern Ireland.of course there major Irish were killed by british.but more than 90% tibetans living in Tibet<<

I can't make any sense of this, so I can't reply.

>>what he said just was said not done<<

The government-in-exile in Dharamsala is democratically elected. He has done what he's said he will do.

>>Tibet have twoo leaders: one is Dalai Lama and the other is Panchen Lama<<

This isn't true. The Panchen Lama has always been subordinate to the Dalai Lama because he is a lower, later incarnation. The Chinese government treated him as the leader of Tibet for a while, until one day he started showing support for the Dalai Lama, and then he disappeared for a time. When he reappeared he showed obvious signs of torture and brutal treatment.

>>no bitish troops,but there were bitish officials<<

Yes there were, there was the ambassador and other consular staff, as I've said. When the India became independent, the British staff were replaced by Indian staff.

When the communists won the civil war, they were offered the chance to set up an embassay, and replace the Kuomintang representative as the legal government of China. The offer wasn't taken up.

>>do you know when he flee into India? and why was that time rather than 1950?<<

He did flee in 1950, across to Sikkim (at that time an independent country) but he was brought back by promises of fair treatment, of autonomy and of religious freedom. These promises were shown to be lies. And so, when it became clear the Chinese authorities were about to take him away, he fled again.

>>sseveral Tibetans were killed by Thugs who leaded by Dalai Lama<<

The Dalai Lama, in numerous interviews, has said he opposes any form of violent protest, and that any protest must be peaceful and legal for it to be legitimate.

Also, the PLA were responsible for a number of killings. Estimates vary, but the general consensus puts it at around 30-40. While I don't deny that some of the rioters may have injured or even killed people and that it is terrible for civilians to kill each other, heavily armed troops killing civilians is simply monstrous.

>>of course we found many lies of your medias<<

I've got a test for you: we can see how reliable our respective medias are. How did the torch lighting ceremony in Olympia, two weeks ago, go? How did the torch relay in London go yesterday? Did anything happen at either event?

I am Chinese and to be frankly, it is difficult fo accept your view on Tibet. We have a big gap about the world. I am not a politician,(I think you are not too).I am not good at english, I make this answer by Dictionary. For I think I need to let you know some truth.
1. I think you know the CIVIL WAR, just like that. We opposite the slave system before. Not counquer, do you opposite free the slaves?

2. Why do you take double-standards on this issure? We have seen the "result" of yours Advocacy " Freedom, Democracy " lead in Iraq( Which lead to 650 000 death). I admit there should are several Ideology on the planet, why you western insist on your value standards and impose yours value all over the world? I am really strange about that point. According to our opinion, Mr. Dalai Lama is a terrorist like Osama bin Laden, who also use religion affect people's activity.

3.At that time, the world is in a serious conflicts(1930----1945), as we know, Even the USA and British can not prevent the World War II from breaking out. Not mention the Weak KMT prevent the any invasion power.

4.The British troops retreat from India and Pakistan about in 1947 completely. and even the Old Empire of British have to removed to back from Mid East and Egypt and so on. Not because they want, but for have to.

5. I am not a English-speaker, and sometimes may my words are not proper. I am Glad to talk with you. As I have mentioned, The freedom and Equality and Democracy is always the lies. If your country had been governed by out power for 200 years, you will feel the people's real feeling. We will never believe you and yours Believes.

I am sorry to say this, but this the reason why the Chinese's angry is so strong. Nobody can return the " Human Rights " TO the people who have been killed in Iraq, and this killing is thanks to USA and UK.

There's a big difference between our actions in Iraq, and Chinese actions in Tibet. We didn't invade with the itention of staying. There is no mass immigration of British people in Iraq, at the expense of ethnic Iraqis.

We haven't tested nuclear weapons in Iraq. We haven't dammed and drained sacred rivers and lakes. We allow freedom of religion and we don't go around destroying and vandalising temples and shrines.

We removed someone who was genuinely unpopular, and intend to try and bring democracy to Iraq.

All of that said - I think the invasion of Iraq was one of the biggest mistakes the UK has ever made. I was amongst the 1,000,000+ people who protested before the invasion, and I refused to vote for the ruling party afterwards, because of my disgust at what they did. I dissented, loudly and frequently, and continually made my disapproval of my government widely known.

>>The freedom and Equality and Democracy is always the lies<<

I think it's very sad that your government has brainwashed you to think like that. That is the very nature of my disagreement with your government - that freedom and equality aren't respected as the paramount rights of all human beings. Also ironic, since communism is supposed to be all about equality.

>>Not counquer, do you opposite free the slaves<<

The PLA didn't free any slaves in 1949, they simply gave them a different master. And while Tibet may have been backwards and feudal, at least the masters didn't torture, murder and deport people .

>>According to our opinion, Mr. Dalai Lama is a terrorist like Osama bin Laden, who also use religion affect people's activity.<<

The difference is that while Osama Bin Laden advocates violence, murder and atrocities against non-Muslims and aims to overthrow democratic governments, the Dalai Lama has repeatedly denounced violence, believes in democracy and freedom for all, regardless of their religion or ethnicity, and doesn't seek to overthrow any government, simply to reverse an illegal occupation of his country.

>>Not mention the Weak KMT prevent the any invasion power<<

While the communists, of course, successfully resisted the Japanese invasion. When they weren't too busy collaborating with them, that is.

>>4.The British troops retreat from India and Pakistan about in 1947 completely. and even the Old Empire of British have to removed to back from Mid East and Egypt and so on. Not because they want, but for have to.<<

The majority of people wanted us to leave, so we left. Where's the hypocrisy?

1)that's your right.
2)yes ,what he done was not his said and he will continues to secession,also it is his rights.
3)wrong,they ,Dalai Lama and Panchen Lama ,are equal.
4)make no sense of it and cann't reply
5)sorry,1950,Dalai flee in Ysdong county of Tibet,not Sikkin.
6)what he said is not enough,he is just a lier.and the fact is there were no PLA just armed polices.do you have any evidences for heavly armed troops killed civilians?if you haven't,please don't say lies,ok?
7)yes i know those not only two weeks ago but also the day before yesterday.i know your means and i just tell you that is normal.there were no report rather than report-lies.Maybe it is most different to understand news values.

What I read from your article is just the"Bias and Ignorance"
You feel that your idea and the truth you got form somewhere are right and advancement,you said the "brainwash",but actrually I tell you the "brainwash-man"is you!! All the ideas from your brain prove that!
You bias about the communism come from your world'consensus which is produce by the smug medium of you world!! All the information root in political aim,although I am a anti-communism man!!
We protest communism depend on the truth!! You protest it depend on the falderal and ignorance!
I beg you not to fudge, not to make youself to be a rebarbative man!

I think your judgement should be based on what you read "WHY THE CHINESE ARE THERE", OK. I will point some mistake out of this artical.
1. The population of Tibetan is increasing, not decreasing.
2. The China do nuclear experiment ever(Now have stopped, for we signed the ¡°Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty£¬CNTBT¡°£¬UK,USA and many countries also signed) in Desert area located in Northwest China.
3. As for Pollution occured in China, that is really bad, I mean, We Chinese are also not satisfied with this point. except this problem, bad bribe and corruption occured now and again. We are same view.
4. For the " The freedom and Equality and Democracy is always the lies ", I mean, we need Developed Country to do something essential. Such as provide more aid to African( You can check the record of UN, only Danmark and Holand make their promise to help African)
I think it will be better for UK and USA, to use money(which you spend on Iraq War) help African or China or all developing countries ? I mean, sometimes, war only increase hating and gap beween us.
You mentioned 1 000 000+ people protest before the invasion, yep, you have express your view. But what's the result? I think we should reconsider what we have get from this War? Why we need to progress HUMAN RIGHTS through war?
I am not a communist(you mentioned you are a anti-communist,but that is no business for me) or Western. I visit BBC and CNN every week. I believe the right of living is first for human. If one person died, he have been deprived of all rights. Hope you understand my meaning.
5. We all know that European immigrated in America and drived Indians to some States, did you ever think about what you have done on the Indians ? Yep, you can say that's been the history and should not to be mentioned, but why European immigrates not to come back to European, Right?
6. Your Turkey Ally get in Iraq and took some actions to fight for Kurdish. Why you can accept this. Why you can accept Israel kill Palestinian occured in Mid East?
In my opinion, A strong USA and UK and all Western Developed Countries should reconsider what you can do for the world. In fact, when I was a student, I really intent to Western system, while according to what happened in Panama, Iraq and else where, I have some doubt about that.
I personally do not doubt you are a kindly people. But sometimes we need to admit Medium can not reflect the truth of world.
By the way, the Chinese TIBET does not means " west treasue basket". It came form Manchu.

>>2)yes ,what he done was not his said and he will continues to secession,also it is his rights<<

He continues to campaign for an autonomous Tibet within a democratic China. This is entirely different to secession.

>>3)wrong,they ,Dalai Lama and Panchen Lama ,are equal.<<

I'm afraid that whoever told you that was lying to you. I'd provide you with some evidence, but I'm not sure what you government allows you to read.

>>5)sorry,1950,Dalai flee in Ysdong county of Tibet,not Sikkin<<

Again, untrue. He fled to Sikkim. This is well-documented by a number of reliable and impartial sources.

>>yes i know those not only two weeks ago but also the day before yesterday.i know your means and i just tell you that is normal.there were no report rather than report-lies.Maybe it is most different to understand news values<<

So what happened? Or did your government decide you weren't allowed to know? I can tell you if they won't.

I'm just going to comment on one point from this, as I really can't be bothered going through it all as I have done with some other posts.

>>Such as provide more aid to African<<

Yes, China is very generous when it comes to aid. And the Sudanese really appreciate it, it makes their genocide of the Darfuris *so* much easier.

The Congolese rebels enjoy Chinese support for a similar reason, it makes their atrocities against the civilians of the Congo possible. Good to see Chinese aid helping out so many people.

>>I personally do not doubt you are a kindly people<<

And I'm equally sure that you a decent person. It's not your fault that you're the victim of a lying, oppressive government.

before i reply your points,i have to tell you that our governmengt never ask us what we need read or what we cann't read. i'm free like you.



>>He continues to campaign for an autonomous Tibet within a democratic China. This is entirely different to secession.<<
if he just want to make an autonomous tibet,there will not be calling such as free Tibet or independent tibet. i also have to tell you tibet have already been an autonomous province, of course it isn't Dalai Lama's serf system.

>>I'm afraid that whoever told you that was lying to you. I'd provide you with some evidence, but I'm not sure what you government allows you to read.<<
i'm also afraid that whoever told you that was lying to you. i'd also provide you with some evidence, but i'm not sure whtat you media (government)allows you to watch and read.they ,Dalai Lama and Panchen Lama ,are equal in religious political status.Dalai Lame charge the pre-tibet that Lhasa is their centre city, and Panchen Lama is the leader of Later-Tibet that Xigaze is their centre city. the pre-tibet system began in 1653 (the king ( Sunzhi emperor of Qing dynasty)and the later-tibet started at 1713(Kangxi emperor of Qing dynasty).

>>Again, untrue. He fled to Sikkim. This is well-documented by a number of reliable and impartial sources.<<
also again,untrue,he fled to Yadong county not Sikkim.if you believe he fled to Sikkim,plese tell me where he lived in Sikkim.

>>So what happened? Or did your government decide you weren't allowed to know? I can tell you if they won't.<<
a lot of people hands red five star flags and host flags,wlcome the olympics touch. but seveal (maybe many more,but very very less than welcomers)protesters want to rebbory the touch or stop the touvh relay(extinguished the touch). do your media decide you weren't allowed to know? no, thanks ,i know all.if you won't,i will happily tell you what happened.hehe

Hey, you do know what happened, more-or-less. I'm genuinely surprised and quite pleased. Though pro-Tibet and anti-Beijing Olympics protesters *far* outnumbered any pro-China supporters, of whom there weren't many.

>>do your media decide you weren't allowed to know<<

I watched it all on live, uncensored TV. It was really quite impressive - the protesters have been surprisingly well organised.

>>i also have to tell you tibet have already been an autonomous province<<

You and I clearly have different understandings of the word autonomous. For me Scotland is autonomous, Wales is autonomous, Ohio, Alaska and Hawaii are autonomous, the German Lander are autonomous. Currently Tibet is not autonomous. It doesn't have the freedom to choose it's own leader. It doesn't have the right to decide its own laws. It doesn't have the right to raise taxes and spend them as it sees fit. Heck, it uses Beijing's time zone despite some parts being 1,000 miles+ away and should be 2 time zones further west.

Tibet isn't currently free by any reasonable standard.

>>i have to tell you that our governmengt never ask us what we need read or what we cann't read. i'm free like you<<

It's only within the last fortnight that Chinese people have been able to access the BBC website. You're a bit freer than last month, but you've got a long way to go before you're as free as I am.

I'll tell you what, I'll give you another test: you Google "Tiannamen Square Massacre 1989" from google.cn and I'll do the same from google.co.uk - lets see who gets the greatest number of hits.

While we're at it, we can google "chinese communist collaboration with Japanese in WW2" and see what comes up.

Finally - did you have the chance to see Lust, Caution, Ang Lee's most recent film? I thought it was pretty fantastic. The Chinese government clearly disagreed as it was one of the dozens of films they banned last year.

>>i'd also provide you with some evidence but i'm not sure whtat you media (government)allows you to watch and read<<

That excuse doesn't work with me - I'm free to read and watch basically whatever I like. But I'll try and give you some evidence:

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panchen_lama

Which states in its opening paragraph that the Panchen Lama is the second-highest ranking Lama in Tibetan Buddhism, after the Dalai Lama.

>>also again,untrue,he fled to Yadong county not Sikkim.if you believe he fled to Sikkim,plese tell me where he lived in Sikkim.<<

I don't know Sikkimese geography *that* well - I'll find my book and look it up.

>>Hey, you do know what happened, more-or-less. I'm genuinely surprised and quite pleased. Though pro-Tibet and anti-Beijing Olympics protesters *far* outnumbered any pro-China supporters, of whom there weren't many<<
hehe,yeah ,the same your media and ours,so there were different conclusion between you and me. if you know how many chinese people and supporters are and how many anti-Olympics people ate,you will understand "many". i not only read and watch news but aslo think them.

>>I watched it all on live, uncensored TV. It was really quite impressive - the protesters have been surprisingly well organised.<<
yeah,now i understand why lies full your lives and i also suspected why make you believe those news are no "uncensored"? the protesters have their rights what they want to do but they have no rights to robbery anything.maybe you think it surprising but i believe that actions are illegal.


>>You and I clearly have different understandings of the word autonomous. For me Scotland is autonomous, Wales is autonomous, Ohio, Alaska and Hawaii are autonomous, the German Lander are autonomous. Currently Tibet is not autonomous. It doesn't have the freedom to choose it's own leader. It doesn't have the right to decide its own laws. It doesn't have the right to raise taxes and spend them as it sees fit. Heck, it uses Beijing's time zone despite some parts being 1,000 miles+ away and should be 2 time zones further west.

Tibet isn't currently free by any reasonable standard.<<
yeah, you means that there several times in Canada or mainland of USA? i know there is Orumqi's time in China.
according to different understanding, it is no necessary of us to keep discussion again.who is right?no one.

>>It's only within the last fortnight that Chinese people have been able to access the BBC website. You're a bit freer than last month, but you've got a long way to go before you're as free as I am.<<
sorry,i have been able to visit the bbc or cnn for a long time,at least seveal years ago. of course when i'm a middle school student,i began to listen radios such as bbc,voa and so on. when i went to college and began to foucs webs.lies full wiht zhe western media about China.they didn't know the developing of CHina's pilitice such as human rights. of course you, british ,maybe habe more rights,but those rights never one day come all,we just need time like your history of hunan rights.our demoracy have only developed less than 100 years.

>>I'll tell you what, I'll give you another test: you Google "Tiannamen Square Massacre 1989" from google.cn and I'll do the same from google.co.uk - lets see who gets the greatest number of hits.<<
sorry again,Tiananmen Square Massacre !989" were happened ten years ago,not happened in 2008.do you think we need talk about your country dark history? you can say the troops shot those students, i also can tell you those thugs killed soldiers(who were asked never fired)cruelly.you believe your media are "right",do they really be right? so i am.

>>While we're at it, we can google "chinese commun ist collaboration with Japanese in WW2" and see what comes up.

Finally - did you have the chance to see Lust, Caution, Ang Lee's most recent film? I thought it was pretty fantastic. The Chinese government clearly disagreed as it was one of the dozens of films they banned last year.<<
so ,i aslo know what you know.if there were no Japanese invasion ,PRC would not be built.but the history was not like this. about Ang lee, that film were too pornography and you know your culture is different with ours,i feel his film is just so so.

>>That excuse doesn't work with me - I'm free to read and watch basically whatever I like. But I'll try and give you some evidence:

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panchen_lama

Which states in its opening paragraph that the Panchen Lama is the second-highest ranking Lama in Tibetan Buddhism, after the Dalai Lama. <<

sorry,because you cann't understand chinese,i cann't give you my such evidences.what you gave me are too simple and cann't understand where those title came and when those begian and why and so on.i just tell you the Panchen Lama and Dalai Lama were apprenticeship each other.according the dover levers ,Panchen Lama is higher than Dalai Lama. of course the influence for Tibet's area Dalai Lama is higher than Panchen Lama.but they ate equal in the religious political stats.not only Dalai Lama but also Panchen Lama need be canonized by centry government during their whole history.

GOOD.

Anybody want to buy a ticket for the opening ceremony ? getting cheaper by the minute