English monarchy PROJECT PROPOSAL NOT FOR REVIEW
Created | Updated Mar 15, 2015
The challange.
Help needed the idea is to search the guide and over the rulers of britain from Rome onward.
There will be gaps to identify (and fill) but if this done it will form a one stop entry to allow researchers to find the basic facts of the rulers of England from pre Rome to the present day;
Entry
Pre Roman Britain
The Roman administration divided the province into the following tribal capitals together with the possible main towns or pagi. There is no complete surviving record of the pagi, those mentioned are the most probable. It must be remembered that each tribal capital would have had only 4 or 5 pagi, so even though more are mentioned they would not all have been pagi. The modern place names have been used for clarity.
The Atrebates, this tribes Celtic name may mean, 'The village dwellers'.
The Atrebates Tribal Civitas now known as Silchester was Calleva Atrebatum or 'The Place in the Woods of the Atrebates', this settlement was abandoned at the end of the Roman era. The regional councils or pagi were probably located at -
Mildenhall Cunetio,9 Guildford, Thatcham and Reading.
The Belgae, this tribes Celtic name may mean, ‘The people descended from the lightening God’, or simply a Roman administrative collective name referring to the immigrants to the area from north-western Gaul.
The Belgae Tribal Civitas is now known as Winchester, was Venta Belgarum. The regional councils or pagi were probably located at -
Shepton Mallet, Old Sarum, Carisbrooke Isle of Wight, Nettleton, Sea Mills and Bath.
The Brigantes, the Celtic tribal name may mean, 'The peoples of the highlands'.
The Brigantes Tribal Citivas is now known as Aldborough was, Isvrium Brigantun
The regional councils or pagi were probably located at10 -
Alston, Catterick, York, Slack, Binchester, Castleshaw, Burrow and Ilkley.
The Carventii, or Carventi, the Celtic name may mean, 'The people of the deer'.
The Carventii Tribal Citivas this is now known as Carlisle was, Luguvalium Carvetiorum.
Great Chesters, Birdoswald, Stanwix, Old Penrith, Ravenglass and Bowness on Solway.
The Cantii,11 the Celtic name may mean, 'The people of the clear water' or 'the white people'.
The Cantii Tribal Citivas that is now known as Canterbury was Durovernum Cantiacorum.
The regional councils or pagi of the tribe may have been located at - Aylesford, Rochester, Lympne, Dover, Reculver and Richborough.
The Catuvellauni, the Celtic name may mean, 'The people who lead in battle.
The Catuvellauni Tribal Citivas Verulamium Catuvellorum or The town above the marsh. This site was abandoned at the end of the Roman era and the settlement relocated to St Albans.
The regional councils or pagi of the tribe may have been located at - Dropshort, Cambridge, Alchester, Irchester, Whilton Lodge and Wheathamstead.
The Coritani, the Celtic tribal name has not been recorded.
The Coritani Tribal Citivas is now known as Leicester was Rataer Corieltavorum.
The regional councils or pagi of the tribe were probably located at - Lincoln, Ancaster, Scunthorpe, East Stoke and Littleborough.
The Cornovii, the Celtic name may mean something like, 'The people of the horn or horned God'.
The location of the Cornovii Tribal Civitas is now known as Wroxeter or Viroconium Cornoviorum this site was abandoned at the end of the Roman era and not reoccupied.
The regional councils or pagi of the tribe were probably located at - Wall, Tilston, Water Eaton, Rochester Staffordshire, Whitchurch, Middlewich, Chesterton and Wilderspool.
The Deceangli, the Celtic tribal name has not been recorded.
The location of the Tribal Civitas is not known, however there is speculation that it was a settlement situated near the auxiliary fort of Canovium now Caerhun.
The Demetae, the Celtic tribal name has not been recorded but is possibly 'The followers of the God Demetos'.
The Demetae Tribal Citivas is now known as Carmarthen was Moridunum Demetarum
There is little information available however the regional councils or pagi of the tribe might have been located at - Aber-Cyfor, Parc-yr-Eglwys, Dolaucothi, Ford and Cwm Brwyno.
The Dumnonii, the Celtic tribal name is possibly 'The people from the land'.
The Dumnonii Tribal Citivas is now known as Exeter it was Iscia Dummoniorum'The Water of the Dumnonii.'
The regional councils or pagi of the tribe were most likely to have been located at - Taunton, Plymouth, Launceston, St Michaels Mount and Topsham.
The Dobunni, the Celtic tribal name is possibly 'The people with dark hair'.12
The Dobunni Tribal Civitas now known as Cirencester it was Corinium Dobunnorum'The settlement of the Dobunni on the Churn river.'
The regional councils or pagi of the tribe were most likely to have been located at - Cricklade, Droitwich Spa, Worcester, Gloucester, Alcester, Weston-under-Penyard, Bourton on the Water, Dorn and Wanborough.
The Durotriges, the Celtic tribal name has not been recorded.
The Durotriges Tribal Citivas is now known as Dorchester it was recorded as Durnovaria Durotrigum, however there is evidence that there was a second, northern Citivas situated at Durotraes Lindinis The place of lime trees now Ilchester.
The Icini, the tribes Celtic name may mean, 'The people of the pine trees'.
The Icini Tribal Citivas now known as Castor St Edmund it was Venta Icenorum.
The regional councils or pagi of the tribe were most likely to have been located at - Ixworth, Hockwold cum Wilton, Thetford, Snettisham and Woodcock Hill.
The Ordovices,13 the tribes Celtic name may mean, 'The people of the hammer'.
The location of the Tribal Civitas is not known, however there is speculation that it was a settlement situated at the fort of Segontium now Caernarfon. The tribe disappeared from the imperial records around 78 AD. They staged an uprising against Rome, the response of Governor Agricola was to attempt to exterminate the tribe. This appears to have been successful as they disappeared from history along with location of their citivas.
The Parisii, the Celtic tribal name has not been recorded.
The Parisii Tribal Citivas now known as Burgh On Humber Petuaria Parisorum.
The regional councils or pagi of the tribe were most likely to have been located at - North Ferriby, Malton, Guildford and Millington.
The Regni, the Celtic name of the tribe may mean, 'The very newly arrived and vigorous peoples'.
The Regni Tribal Citivas that is now known as Chichester Noviomagus Regnorum or The New Port of the Regni.
The Silures,14The tribes Celtic name may mean, 'The hill people'.
The Silures Citivas is now known as Caerwent it was Venta Silvrum.
The regional councils or pagi of the tribe were most likely to have been located at - Cardiff, Monmouth, Machen and Usk.
The Tranovantes, the Celtic tribal name has not been recorded.
The Tranovantes Tribal Civitas is now known as Chelmsford it was Caesaromagus Trinovantum The Fields of Caesar and the Tranovantes.
The regional councils or pagi of the tribe were most likely to have been located at - Romford, Coddenham, Rivenhall, Long Melford and Scole. There is also a settlement that has been lost to the sea at Dunwich the name in the Antonine Itinerary is given as Sitomagus.
Rome
The Roman Invasion of Britain
There were 36 Provincial Governors of Britain from the date of invasion until the 207 AD division, interestingly the average term of office was just 4.5 years. One the longest terms served in office was that of Quintus Antistius Adventus from 169 to 180 AD, a total of 11 years.
Roman governors were given full control of all the military forces stationed in the province and could take any military action without prior consent of the emperor or the senate.
The governor was also the supreme judicial authority of the province and was the only person who could order the imposition of the death penalty.
Financial duties included the audit of the financial records of the cities within the province, and to set taxation rates and appoint tax collectors.
The term of office a governor served was strictly monitored, owing to the power of the position it was possible for a governor to contemplate an abuse of his position and become corrupt. To curb such abuses the term of office was normally limited to a minimum of 1 year and a maximum of 5 years. 'It is the part of a good shepherd to shear his flock, not to skin it' Roman proverb.
The early Provincial Governors devolved some of their administrational duties to the rulers of Rome’s client Kingdoms in Britain the Brigantes, the Iceni, the Catuvellauni the Atrebates and the Regnenses, the king of the Regnenses, Cogidumnus became a client king of Rome and was instrumental in the success of the landings in AD 43. After the invasion he Romanised his name to Tiberius Claudius Cogidumnus in honour of his patron Emperor Claudius. His reward for his services was the palace complex at Fishbourne. As the occupation progressed more tribes came under Roman rule. It was when the tribes had accepted Roman rule, they were incorporated into the regional government of the province.
Therefore from the earliest days of the invasion it was decided to base the administration of the new province upon the tribal kingdoms of Britain. Tribal capitals were set up around Britain to oversee the regional government of the area. A city council or citivas was established in each tribal capital by Rome and ruled the area with the aid of an elected council of around 100 members. The council members were at first chosen from the ranks of the local elite, later they were elected and wealthy and prominent citizens were included. The council members were awarded the civic position or rank of duovir or duovir quinquennalis. To lead the council two of its members were elected by to serve in the office of duumviri or magistrate. These men were held directly responsible to the provincial governor for the efficient administration of the region.
43 to 46 Aulus Plautius
47 to 52 Publius Ostorius Scapula
52 to 57 Aulus Didius Gallus
57 to 58 Quintus Veranius
58 to 61 Gaius Suetonius Paulinus
61 to 63 Publius Petronius Turpilianus
69 to 71 Marcus Trebellius Maximus - Co Governor
69 to 71 Marcus Vettius Bolanus - Co Governor
73 to 77 Quintus Petillius Cerialis
73 to 77 Sextus Julius Frontinus
77 to 83 Gnaeus Julius Agricola
83 to 96 Sallustius Lucullus
96 to 98 Publius Metilius Nepos
98 to 101* Tiberius Avidius Quietus
101 to 103* Lucius Neratius Marcellus
115 to 118 Marcus Appius/Atilius Bradua
118 to 122 Quintus Pompeius Falco
122 to 126 Aulus Platorius Nepos
126 to 131 Trebius Germanus .
131 to 132 Sextus Julius Severus .
132 to 135 Publius Mummius Sisenna .
138 to 144 Quintus Lollius Urbicus .
circa 146 Gnaeus Papirius Aelianus .
circa 158 Gnaeus Julius Verus .
158 to 161 Govenor Longinus/Longus .158 to 161
161 to 163 Marcus Statius Priscus .161 to 163
163 to 169 Sextus Calpurnius Agricola .
169 to 180 Quintus Antistius Adventus - Co Governor.
169 to 180 Govenor Caerellius Priscus - Co Governor
180 to 185 Ulpius Marcellus
185 to 187 Publius Helvius Pertinax
193 to 197 Decimus Clodius Albinus 191 to 197 - Later Caesar
197 to 201 Virius Lupus
202 to 203 Marcus Antius Crescens Calpurnianus
203 to 205 Gaius Valerius Pudens
205 to 207 Lucius Alfenus Senecio
Britannia Superior
207 to 223 Gaius Junius Faustinus Postumianus
223 to 226 Titus Julius Pollienus Auspex .
226 to ? Rufinus
? to 253 Marcus Martiannius Pulcher
253 to 226 Titus Desticius Juba
Britannia Inferior
213 to 214 Gaius Julius Marcus
214 to 216 Marcus Antonius Gordianus
216 to 219 Modius Julius
219 to 221 Claudius Paulinus
221 to 222 Marius Valerianus
222 to 223 Claudius Xenophon/Xenephon
223 to 235 Valerius Crescens Fulvianus
Maximus
Claudius Apellinus
Calvisius Rufus
Tuccianus
Maecilius Fuscus
Gagnatius Lucilianus
Reference entry A69529701 The Provinces Of Roman Britain
Post rome
A948800 East Saxon Kings
A290990 Ethelwulf - King of England
H2U The Kingdom Of Mercia
H2U The Kingdom Of Wessex
Egbert - King of Wessex
H2U The Kingdom Of East Anglia
H2U The Kingdom Of Northumbria
H2U The Kingdom Of Sussex
H2U The Kingdom Of Kent
A330814 Kings of Kent - from Eorcenbehrt to Ealhmund
H2U The Kingdom Of Essex
A23670948 The Saxon Heptarchy - the Kingdom of Mercia (Mittel Angeln)
Monarch
Reign
HOUSE OF WESSEX
Egbert
802-839
Aethelwulf
839-858
Aethelbald
858-860
Aethelbert
860-866
Aethelred
866-871
Alfred the Great
871-899
Edward the Elder
899-925
Athelstan
925-940
Edmund the Magnificent
940-946
Eadred
946-955
Eadwig (Edwy) All-Fair
955-959
Edgar the Peaceable A2982387
959-975
Edward the Martyr
975-978
Æthelred II (Ethelred the Unready)
979-1013 and 1014-1016
Edmund II (Ironside)
1016
DANISH
Svein Forkbeard
1014
Cnut (Canute)
1016-1035
Harold I
1035-1040
Hardicnut
1040-1042
H2U The Saxon Heptarchy
A292484 Ethelbald, Ethelbert and Ethelred I - Kings of England
A526187 AEthelred II the Unready - King of England
SAXONS
Edward (the Confessor)
1042-1066
Harold II
1066
NORMANS
William I A6563298 William the Conqueror
1066-1087
William II
1087-1100
Henry I
1100-1135
Stephen
1135-1154
Empress Matilda (Queen Maud)
1141
PLANTAGENETS
Henry II
1154-1189
Richard I A622595 Eleanor of Aquitaine
1189-1199
John King John and the Magna Carta
1199-1216
Henry III
1216-1272
Edward I
1272-1307
Edward II
1307-1327
Edward III
1327-1377
Richard II
1377-1399
HOUSE OF LANCASTER
Henry IV
1399-1413 A2503298 Philippa of Lancaster (1360-1415) - A tale from the History of Portugal
Henry V
1413-1422
Henry VI A87735739
1422-1461
HOUSE OF YORK
Edward IV
1461-1483
Edward V
1483
Richard III A573950
Henry VI - A87735739The Reign Of England's Weakest King
1483-1485
TUDORS
Henry VII
1485-1509
Henry VIII A2666216
1509-1547
Edward VI
1547-1553
Jane Grey
1553
Mary I
1553-1558
Elizabeth I A3533519
1558-1603
STUARTS
James I James I And VI, Comes To The English Throne (IN REVIEW)
1603-1625
Charles I The Charles I and Henrietta Maria of France
1625-1649
COMMONWEALTH
Oliver Cromwell Oliver Cromwell - Whats In A Name
1649-1658
Richard Cromwell
1658-1659
STUARTS (restored)
Charles II Charles II: Escape to Exile
1660-1685
James II
1685-1688
William III
1689-1702
Mary II
1689-1694
Anne
1702-1714
HOUSE OF HANOVER
George I
1714-1727
George II
1727-1760
George III King George The Third
1760-1820
George IV King George VI - the Unexpected King
1820-1830
William IV
1830-1837
Victoria Queen Victoria: 1817 - 1837
1837-1901 Queen Victoria - Golden Jubilee to 1901
SAXE-COBURG-GOTHA
Edward VII Edward IV - King of England
1901-1910
WINDSOR
George V
1910-1936
Edward VIII A729957*The Abdication of King Edward VIII of England
1936-1936
George VI
1936-1952
Elizabeth II
1952 - present Queen Elizabeth II A8466339
HRH Prince Charles, the Prince of Wales
A51721724 The Crown Jewels (UK)
A87787273 Richard III Unearthed
A393851 Margaret of York
Philippa of Lancaster (1360-1415) - A tale from the History of Portugal
Mary Stuart Queen of Scots
The 1689 Siege Of Derry
King George VI - the Unexpected King
A87773935Princess Charlotte of Wales and her Warring Parents
A404038*Mary of Teck
Henry VI - The Reign Of England's Weakest King
H.M. Queen Elizabeth, The Queen Mother 1900 - 2002
A695478 Anglo-Saxon (Old English)
Kings and Queens of England and Great Britain