It is difficult to imagine medical students studying anatomy without the traditional cadaver - that is of a deceased person who has generously donated their body to medical science. However, the anatomy of the deceased - although useful, is not all there is to studying the anatomy of the body.

After all, doctors examine the living, so it seems only right that anatomy encompasses both that of the cadaver, and also that of the healthy living human body.

The source for the anatomy of the cadaver has already been outlined, but for the living, whom does the class examine? For this, you look towards yourself with fresh eyes, and find that the best source for such willing individuals is in fact closer than one may originally imagine.

For the best source of healthy, living specimens for anatomical examination are the medical students* themselves.

Beginning of the Course

...or 'You don't really expect us to do that!'

Unless the foolish medical student is destined to be a surgeon, medics tend not to literally deal with insides so much since the advent of scanning technology. However, clinical skills such as feeling for a liver or spleen require knowledge of what are known as 'surface markers'*. An easier one is that of the 'apex beat' - the lowest point at which the contractions of the heart can be palpated - the medical term for 'feel'.

The easiest by far is listening for breath sounds through the stethoscope.

The lungs being in the chest, and hearing being such a sensitive sense, this can't be done through clothes. So either male or female, off comes the top (but on remains the bra). However, at this point, as all are very nervous, all will only go as far as unbuttoning their tops, hoping no-one will see.

So the class is paired off with very nervous medical students not wishing to expose themselves any more than is really needed. One has the stethoscope, and the other student will be breathing deeply through their mouth to emphasise the sound of air coming into their lungs.

As time goes on though, and the students progress through examination of the lungs, heart and then abdomen, a strange thing happens.

Mid-Course

...or 'Would you like my top off for this?'

After six weeks of being poked about, the students become accustomed to walking, lying or even bending over semi-naked whilst having various areas of surface anatomy examined by other students and lecturers - bra and other associated undergarments remaining on, of course. This now means that the whole class, from men to women are all walking around adequately clothed for examination, without anyone so much as batting an eyelid.

End-Course

...or '(sigh) I suppose you want my top off for this...'

Fun though it may sound to the non-medic, it becomes a terribly tedious exercise of poking about with cold hands and stethoscope bells, or even literally surface marking the outline of the heart on each other with red conté pencil*. Compare this with the literal cut and thrust of dissection (which becomes arguably much more interesting - even to those who don't want to do surgery eventually), it is essential for knowing where things are in relation to each other*. However, it is still an important tool in introducing clinical skills and also introduces some sort of empathy in knowing what it must be like from the patient's point of view.