The Dimensions and Space Time
Created | Updated Aug 15, 2005
The question is frequently asked - what are the different dimensions? This entry is aimed at providing a simple, yet utterly complex answer to that question. Note though, that most of this entry is not based on proven material and a large part is based entirely on educated guesses and assumptions. This does not discredit the information though - in fact, all we assume to know about the dimensions is, in the large part, simply guesswork.
Space and Time
To fully understand (this view of) the dimensions, try to think of a Cartesian planar graph positioned in space time. The dimensional graph created has three axis - x, y, and z. Later we will explain how gravity wells are added to the graph, but for not assume that they are scattered randomly.
Assume also that these dimensions are simply sub-dimensions of space time, and that space and time are one entity. One property of space time that has yet to be explained is the force of gravity. We do know that gravity affects time and mass. Larger mass causes time to move slower and visa versa, although the difference is undetectable by any object that is moving slower or faster through time. To fully understand this, look to the Theory of Relativity.
Space, and therefore time, is described in the third dimension. It could be said that the third dimension is space time, and it is, except that it is also separate. Space time acts upon all of the dimensions, and to categorize one as being space time is excluding the others from existing within it.
Time is not definite. It has been described as movement through time, as the passage of time and as entropy. In this entry it will be assumed that time encompasses all of those definitions.
The Zeroth Dimension
Many people make the mistake of forgetting to count starting with zero; therefore, the zeroth dimension is commonly called the first.
The zeroth dimension is an easy one to remember because it has zero volume and area, and is infinitely small. Commonly called a vertex, the zeroth dimension is simply a set pair of points on the graph.
In the third dimension the vertex is no longer defined only by two numbers, since the prospect of depth has been added. A vertex is a point described by three numbers in all dimensions following the second.
The First Dimension
The first dimension starts to get complicated, but not immediately. Think of it as a line that extends infinitely from each end of a given segment. The line also has zero volume and zero area, but it does have length. So, the first dimension is characterized by length.
Where it gets complicated is by introducing gravity wells to the graph. The line is bent towards each gravity well at once, and is never free of any well's influence, although it may be very weak. Therefore, the line is bent, and curves towards the nearest gravity wells. This is how world lines are created. (A world line is basically a circle.) Remember that the line will bend in all directions, but never bulge.
The Second Dimension
The second dimension introduces area, but not volume. Imagine a plane with all sides extending infinitely on all sides except, for example the z axis, as to maintain the zero volume requirement.
When gravity wells are introduced to the graph of the second dimension, the plane (that is what we call a segment of the second dimension) will contort in very strange ways which can only clearly be represented by a picture. Imagine a plane. Imagine that plane filled with a grid pattern. Imagine then a few gravity wells scattered on the graph, represented by circles. The lines of the grid pattern will contort and stretch/bend towards the circles on the graph so the pattern becomes distorted around the gravity wells. Now imagine looking at a plane from the side. (This is actually impossible because a plane has no volume.) It will appear as though there are hills and valleys with the peaks and depressions corresponding to the gravity wells. Remember that the plane will maintain zero volume.
The Third Dimension
The third dimension is a hard one to grasp because it, in its entirety, is space. The third dimension introduces depth and matter. The previous dimensions are abstract; they do not exist per say. The third dimension, however, is what everything is made of.
Picture a sphere, (or any three dimensional object.) Extend the sides of the shape to infinity. The result is space. The universe as we know it is the third dimension.
Imagine the sphere that was mentioned above as containing infinite amounts of matter, and as being infinitely massive. But because it is infinitely big, that matter is sparsely dispersed through space, as space is not quite solid. Even at subatomic levels the universe has gaps and empty spaces, like a fractal. And like a fractal, the universe and everything in it is not really solid, yet still loose enough for us to move through it. Gravity wells placed inside the third dimension create clusters of matter. In the same way that the second dimension is pulled towards gravity wells, the matter in the third dimension is pulled together to form the planets and so on until we have the physical universe.
Beyond the Third Dimension
All dimensions beyond the third advance in no particular order, that is, there are dimensions past the third but they are not set. All of these higher dimensions are interchangeable; they do not occupy any specific place.
The higher dimensions are not concrete. Past the third, all dimensions define the parameters in which the others act. They describe how the other dimensions function.
The Fourth Dimension
The fourth dimension is not definite. Here it will be described as being probability. Probability can not, as the other dimensions can, be pictured. Probability is best to be thought as the properties of a given volume or vector in the third dimension. These properties would be called probability coordinates.
The probability coordinates of a volume describe how likely or not it is that something will happen, for example, how likely it is a tree branch will fall to the ground in the given volume. It is more probable that a tree branch will fall to the ground in a forest than in an open field.
Probability coordinates determine where something is more likely to happen than anywhere else. Probability coordinates also determine how likely anything that can happen is to happen, so no matter how unlikely something is to happen there is always a small chance it will.
Probability determines where gravity wells will appear. Every point in the third dimension has a probability coordinate that determines what the chances of something happening there are. The greater the chances of a gravity well appearing, it becomes more likely that it will.
It is also fact that forces are acting on the fourth dimension, and that the given probabilities of all points in the third dimension are not static. If a forest is cleared to make way for a bypass, then it is no longer very likely that a branch will still fall to the ground in that volume. It is also possible that there are forces acting upon probability in ways to create "luck." According to chaos theory, everything that is acting in the universe is affecting everything else at the same time, no matter how minutely. So it is possible that probabilities may change for no apparent reason to create situations that seem lucky (or unlucky.)
Time
Thus far, the dimensions have been explained as being sub-dimensions, or parameters, of a larger thing - space time. The third dimension has been defined as being space. This may seem at first confusing.
The thing that is space is defined by an internal component of itself. It describes itself. The sub-dimensions of space define its parameters - how it functions, where it exists. Time, on the other hand, can not be defined. Time is separate from the universe. Time has existed since before the universe. Without time, nothing could have happened to start the universe expanding. Therefore, time is not of this universe; it is external to the universe. Something that is separate from this universe can not be defined by any part of the universe, and since we are a product of this universe, we can not define time. It is impossible to define something that is not of this universe because we have nothing to compare it to.
Thanks to Mordekai for help on understanding some of this.