By 1968 the Carry On films had firmly established themselves as a successful British comedy series, popular with the public but generally looked down on or ignored by the critics. The films were all produced by Peter Rogers at Pinewood Studios, directed by Gerald Thomas and written by Talbot Rothwell OBE. Peter Rogers was an independent producer notorious for making his films quickly and cheaply, and for going out of his way to avoid paying his actors.

By the late 1960s the series had survived a cancellation crisis and now the films were released through J Arthur Rank, the biggest film company in Britain, having successfully moved over from Anglo Amalgamated.

Most of the key cast had been established and fell into recurring roles. These included: the rebel (Sid James), authority figure (Kenneth Williams), comic relief (Charles Hawtrey) and matronly woman (Hattie Jacques). The young female love interest alternated between Barbara Windsor and Jacki Piper. As Joan Sims had gained weight in the early 1960s, she was increasingly cast as the nagging harridan.

In the tables the main Carry On cast and actors credited on four or more films are listed in Bold. As the Carry On films are considered to be quite sexist, whether or not the episodes pass the Bechdel Test is also mentioned (this can be summarised as whether the film involves two or more named female characters who have a conversation together that does not include or mention any male characters). The roles of women in the films polarised in this period: in the historical comedies women have much more restrictive roles, such as wife or love interest, than in the films with contemporary settings.

16. Carry On Up the Khyber (1968)

One of the series highlights, this film spoofs such classics as Zulu (1964) and mocks Colonialism while remaining affectionately amused by the British way of life. In fact, so successful was Carry On Up the Khyber at the time that respectable film critics were even prepared to acknowledge its existence - it was the most reviewed Carry On¹. Though still frequently dismissed as low-brow entertainment, it is the pinnacle of low-brow entertainment: in 1999 the BFI called it the 99th Best British Film of all time.

Sid James returns to full strength to play the hero following a heart attack and Roy Castle is the romantic lead in a role originally written for Jim Dale. Bernard Bresslaw's character is essentially the same as in Carry On Follow That Camel (1967), playing to his strengths, with Bunghit Din being a pun on Rudyard Kipling's poem 'Gunga Din'. This was the last Carry On to feature Angela Douglas, who left in order to concentrate on her family. Valerie Leon makes her Carry On debut, albeit in a minor role as one of the harem girls. Terry Scott also returns to the series, having briefly appeared in Carry On Sergeant ten years earlier.

There were some casting disappointments. Rogers had hoped that Frankie Howerd would appear, but he was committed to stage play The Wind in the Sassafras Trees. Tommy Cooper was offered the role of the Fakir, but when he was unavailable the role was heavily trimmed and given to Cardew Robinson.

Surprisingly, although Pinewood Studios' Mansion House in Buckinghamshire doubled as Sir Sidney Ruff-Diamond's residence, location filming took place outside the Home Counties². A whole week's filming actually took place in Snowdonia in Wales, the furthest from Pinewood the Carry On crew ever travelled.

J Arthur Rank executives apparently disliked the name Carry On Up The Khyber as 'Khyber Pass' is rhyming slang for arse, and wanted the film renamed Carry On the Regiment instead. To quote a line from the film: 'rank stupidity'.

17. Carry On Camping (1969)

The most successful British film of the year, Carry On Camping is many people's favourite film in the series. It features many wonderful character moments from Peter Butterworth and is quite possibly Terry Scott's strongest role as a henpecked husband. In quite a nice nod to earlier films, it is implied that Hattie Jacques is playing the same character as in Carry On Doctor.

The film is famed for the Barbara Windsor exercising scene in which her character's bra is flung off during early morning exercises, the first, brief, female nudity to appear in a Carry On. This was achieved with a fishing line attached to the bikini to pull it away at the right moment. However, despite these highlights, overall the tone is less consistent than previous films. Carry On Camping has dated in parts, particularly the subplot involving old men ogling young schoolgirls.

Location filming took place in the fields and orchards around Pinewood Studio, as well as nearby roads. Set in the height of summer, Carry On Camping was filmed in the cold November of 1968, with mud spray-painted green to look like grass. Julian Holloway's character was expected to have a bigger, Jim Dale-like role. A romantic subplot had been written involving Sally, played by Trisha Noble, who had been expected to step into the lead young female role vacated by Angela Douglas. However, Trisha Noble was frequently late to set and considered unreliable so the subplot was cut and she did not feature in subsequent Carry On films. Instead Barbara Windsor was promoted as the film's female star and quickly rose in prominence.

18. Carry On Again Doctor (1969)

This film seems a bit out of place in the Carry On series, with Charles Hawtrey cast in a serious role and Sid James only appearing halfway through. In fact, Carry On Again Doctor began life as a prospective adaptation of Doctor in Clover that Talbot Rothwell had written for the Doctor series⁵. A script by Jack Davies was used for Doctor In Clover, so Rothwell's script was tweaked to become a Carry On film instead. As Rank owned the film rights to Richard Gordon's Doctor books, this wasn't a legal problem. So the role of Sir Lancelott Spratt became Kenneth Williams' character Frederick Carver.

Steptoe and Son star Wilfrid Brambell briefly appears in the film; for his silent appearance he was paid £100. This was also the Carry On debut of Patsy Rowlands. After a year's absence from the Carry On films, Jim Dale returned for his penultimate appearance; he would not appear again until 1992. He performed all his own stunts in the film, as Peter Rogers described:

I remember Gerald [Thomas] telling him to look round in the direction of the camera before falling through that hammock at the shack that was Sid James' [character's] house just to prove to the audience that it really was Jim Dale doing it. That was, after all, the point.

Performing the stunts always took place at the end of the filming in case something went wrong, which in this case it did: Dale broke his arm when riding a hospital trolley down the stairs.

As the film involved Barbara Windsor wearing nothing but strategically-placed love hearts, she had gone on a strict diet to lose weight, much to the director's disappointment - he felt she had been far more attractive with a fuller figure.

As in Carry On Doctor (1967), Maidenhead Town Hall doubles as the hospital, while the Moore-Nookey clinic is the Pinewood Mansion House. Dr Nookey's consulting rooms were in the same building in Windsor as the Helping Hands Agency in Carry On Regardless (1961).

19. Carry On Up the Jungle (1970)

Carry On Up The Jungle was filmed alongside the first Carry On Christmas television special, which featured the same cast. Kenneth Williams was unavailable due to commitments for his BBC series The Kenneth Williams Show so Frankie Howerd was cast instead. This was his second and last Carry On film role. It had been hoped to have Williams cameo as the king, but in the end the king was played by Charles Hawtrey.

The film was to be a spoof of Edgar Rice Burrough's Tarzan, and Boys' Own adventures in the mould of H Rider Haggard. It had the working title of Carry On Jungle Boy; however, a potential lawsuit saw this change. It had been hoped to cast Jim Dale as the Jungle Boy, but Dale did not want to take on what he felt was a role beneath him, so ended his relationship with the Carry On series until 1992. Producer Peter Rogers explained:

If you were part of the team, you were expected to play whatever part you were offered. Sid James and Charles Hawtrey were always happy just to be included in the films. Jim complained to me that the role was nothing more than a lot of nonsensical grunts, ughs and face-pulling. Well, so is Frankenstein's Monster – it's up to the actor to bring the best out of a role. In my opinion the jungle boy character had a lot of potential for a performer who was as adept at physical comedy as Jim Dale clearly was, but he was adamant the role wasn't good enough for him. So we recast.

Terry Scott appeared instead, although his loincloth costume did have the habit of falling off during filming. The character of June, renamed from Jane to avoid legal trouble, was played by new Carry On actress Jacki Piper, who was the only Carry On actor ever to be placed under contract. She had signed a three-year contract to solve the recurring problem of needing to find a lead young female actress. Kenneth Connor also returned to the series for the first time since Carry On Cleo in 1964.

Overall there can be no denying that this is one of the weakest of the series. There is a constant plethora of stock footage and it isn't long before seeing the gorilla go into and out of everyone's tents gets a bit repetitive. Terry Scott's convincing performance aside, the jokes don't seem to swing naturally.

The characters of the bearers and African cannibals conform to every known native stereotype. Portrayed as cowardly and expendable, we do not see any individual personality or learn the motives behind their behaviour. The portrayal of Upsidasi the servant by a blacked-up Bernard Bresslaw has naturally been criticised as racist, showing how what culture finds acceptable has changed since 1970. Although blacking up is no longer acceptable, Upsidasi is at least portrayed positively, being brave, loyal, resourceful and better at hunting and everything else than his friend Boosey. When he was given the part, Bresslaw was delighted not to be playing the baddie and approached the role with enthusiasm. His desire to be authentic meant that instead of just speaking the gibberish in the script, he took the trouble to learn a series of Ndebele phrases.

20. Carry On Loving (1970)

Peter Rogers decided to capitalise on the success of television comedy The Mating Machine (1970) and films Bob & Carol & Ted & Alice (1969) and Loving (1970). It was obvious that a younger cast was needed and so Richard O'Callaghan and Imogen Hassall were hired, although neither would last long. Imogen would not make any more Carry On films and O'Callaghan only one other, as Peter Rogers explained:

Richard was a delightful chap, he had the right sort of naivety I was looking for in the character he played in 'Carry On Loving'. But when it came to dashing, hero types, he was less believable. We did need a Jim Dale-type for the 70s, but Richard wasn't quite it.

There is a degree of old vs new attitudes to morality, with Jenny Grubb coming from an extremely sheltered, oppressive Victorian household only to instantly transform into a model willing to get her 'watermelons' out. Seeing more conflict between the two contradictory ways of living before reaching a compromise would probably have been more satisfactory.

Patsy Rowlands is given a brief moment to shine, while Peter Butterworth's appearance is another short one-scene cameo, for which he was paid £125. Sadly, scenes featuring Dad's Army's James Beck, who unexpectedly died young in 1973, were cut. The same address in Windsor as had been the Helping Hands Agency and Dr Nookey's Consultancy hosted the Wedded Bliss Agency, while Windsor Station was used for the station scenes.

Carrying On

The Carry On films had reached their peak. As the 1960s ended and a new decade began, the film series would find it increasingly difficult to adapt to new tastes. The films' naughty seaside humour seemed staid and complacent as audiences increasingly demanded evermore rude, crude and nude. With the 1970s comedy trend becomingly increasingly sex-obsessed, would the aging Carry On gang be able to compete with the Confessions films?