h2g2 The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy: Earth Edition

WOW!!

I must be the most liberating thing that's ever happened to Barbie!! Now the hard working career girl is being included in conversations about the vikings and otheer such historic topics!!

What can I do next? I know!! Britney Spears! What a fab impact she's had on the world!! Let's liberate her while we're at it!!

I can settle the argument once and for all. My cousin Kevin created the Universe just over 36 years ago.
The science stuff is just mis-interpretation of his liking for distant objects to appear marginally more red than close objects.

Then we arrive again at the age old question:

Who created your cousin?

It is *never* a good idea to look too closely at how family members came into existence. It always comes round to the "my parents did *that*??" type of question.

What an odd picture. The creator of the universe grossed out over what his parents did

Actually, there are several theiories for what could gave caused the big bang that do not requier falling back on a mythical "god". One is that, if there is enough matter in the universe, it will eventually recollapse in what isknown as a big crunch, which would create another singularity from which another big bang could occur. This cycle could continue forever, bith no beggining. Also, since a singularity can beformed in a black hole, the universe could have origionated from a black hole in another universe, which could have origionated in a black hoe in another universe, and so on. This process could also continue forever, with no need for a beginning orr an end.

Perhaps this thread should have been entitled "alternative theories that fit my unchangeable view of the world as dictated to me by fundamentalist dogma."

Where is Josh the Genius anyway?

Ste

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You are wrong on this topic. Perhaps your science teacher should take a course on modern physics, he is making up this explanation totally. Go look into encyclopedias.
Matter and energy are interchangeable. That was very well expressed in Einstein's famous equation.
Some forms of Uranium are naturally unstable, and are constantly "decaying" into smaller nuclei. The mass of the smaller nuclei together is smaller than the uranium nucleus mass, so part of the mass was lost to be released as energy.
Marcelo Allen

> light coming from Andromeda is blue-shifted.

If the universe started as a single point why is Andromeda approaching
us?


Alji (Member of The Guild of Wizards @ U197895)

Andromeda is our neighbour. Therefore it's not very suprising that it's approaching us and thus blue-shifted.

Imagine a crowd of people fleeing from, say, a skunk. In all directions. Then most people do really run away from each other. But people that run in a similar direction may also approach each other, at least occasionally.

That doesn't answer my question.



Alji (Member of The Guild of Wizards @ U197895)

I admit that the answer didn't contain all aspects (it was an image after all), but I'm afraid that 'why' questions can't be answered in full detail in science. For this you must ask philosophers or monks.

Why is Venus smaller than Earth? Well, it developed that way. Why is Andromeda approaching us? Well, in the eternal dance of galaxies, it currently does.

The point really is that it is our neighbour. For blue shift, this is a (not sufficient but) necessary condition. Since your reply 'That doesn't answer my question' was a bit unspecific, you now get the (almost) full programme:

There are two movements for all galaxies (seen from ours) that add to each other: The expansion of the universe and a local movement due to gravitation (similar to the movement in the solar system, but much more complex). The movement due to expansion is always pointing away, but it gets significant only at large distances (big red shift ==> big distance). For Milky Way's neighbours, it's small in comparison to the second component, the local movement.

Well, and at the moment the local movement of Andromeda is pointing towards us.

Of the 30 or so galaxies in the Local group, how many show a blue shift?

Alji (Member of The Guild of Wizards @ U197895)

Have a look at http://makeashorterlink.com/?X3D7258C1

Thanks for the link. I had a look around while I was there;
<quote>
Departures from the pure Hubble expansion are usually called peculiar motions, though there is nothing particularly peculiar about them: their occurrence is entirely expected given the observed inhomogeneous nature of the real Universe. Peculiar motions modify the form of Hubble's law by adding a term to the right-hand side:


Alji (Member of The Guild of Wizards @ U197895)

Most galaxies are departing from each other because the expansion of the Universe makes the distance between them to increase faster than the gravitational forces between them can atract them.
But there are large groups of galaxies, in which the distances between those galaxies are small enough to allow for the gravity to compensate for the expansion, making them stay together.
The Local Group of galaxies, which includes Andromeda and Milky Way, is one of these groups, gravitationally bonded. So, at this time, Andromeda and Milky Way are approaching each other, and after some few billion years they may be departing again, as always occurs in orbits.
The skunk analogy was fun, but it is not a good explanation. It would violate Hubble's Law.
Marcelo Allen

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What about gamma radiation then? How do you explain pair production, if not the interchange of energy and matter - a photon turns into an electron and positron (and photons are massless).

The Big Bang Theory breaks so many laws of physics it is not worth spending time on it. Just one example: black holes contravene Kirchoff's rules on Black Body Radiation. NASA which is understandably more interested in securing next years government funding than in scientific objectivity spends a lot of dollars on its publicity. This ready-made programming is obviously attractive to the TV networks including the BBC. But radio telescopes, are beginning to tell a very different tale: that electricity dominates in space, not gravity. Dr Charles Bruce postulated this back in 1968-several websites review his work. The BB theory will collapse sooner rather than later. see www.fractaluniverse.org.