Afula is small city located in the Jezreel valley in northern Israel. Its origins are Biblical - Gideon, of Judges chapters 6-8, hails from Ofel, thought to be the ancestor of present day Afula - and its current incarnation was founded on March 31st, 1925 by American immigrants. In between several Arab villages had stood on the spot - al-Affulah was built by Saladdin, which later came to be called al-Fulah. This disappeared around the turn of the century.

Now it's a municipality of about 150,000 people. Many of those live up on the hill below which the rest of the city lies. This hill is called Givat Hamoreh, and the section of the city that sits on it is Afula Illit¹. Down below is the commercial section of the city, which is a great miniature version of the cultural diversity and unique ancient/modern that characterizes Israel itself. A perfect example: The local mall, kenyon ha'amakim or "the mall of the valleys", lies only a few blocks from the more traditional shuk or marketplace. Both will sell you jeans that say Levi's; but only one will sell you a pair that will survive the wash. The mall is comfortably airconditioned - the shuk is a bit hotter, but also a more lively, and less usual experience, as you must haggle for your price. The mall sells cell phones and imported perfumes - the shuk sells cheap cigarettes and hookahs, but also some really wonderful handmade jewelry and bags. A benefit of patronising the shuk is that if you have a poker face and a steady tone you will quite often find an excellent deal.

Another good way to see how Afula is a cross-section of Israel is to just watch the people in this traditionally lower-income city. You will, on any given day, see ultra-Orthodox Jews, Sephardic² Jews, Ethiopian Jews, Russians and Arabs all interacting in the same small space. Russian is in fact heard almost as commonly as Hebrew, and many stores will have signs only in Russian. Arabic and Amharic can also both be heard frequently - and like everywhere in Israel, nearly everyone speaks some English.

Also found wandering about in Afula are the people who live in all the nearby communal settlements, kibbutzim and moshavim³who are likely to be more secular, more wealthy and lighter-skinned.⁴ Their presence is due to the fact that Afula is really the only city, of any size at all, anywhere in the area, so it is here that they come to eat out and shop. Afula's longtime nickname is "Capital of the Valley"⁵, and the area hospital, the local bus station, and other such regional facilities are located within its borders.

Within Israel, Afula is known (somewhat rightfully so) as a boring, dusty place which it is far from desirable to live in, whose inhabitants are close-minded and all dress and act the same. There is, however, much to be said for a quiet, content sort of place, and this Researcher can personally attest to the presence of several wonderful people within Afula city limits. A common hangout for the more interesting elements of Afula society of the adolescent type is the bamah, a large public stage. Any hour of day or night will most likely find very pierced teenagers there, smoking a hookah, and wishing they hadn't been born in Afula. Tell them I say hi.

The one thing for which Afula is truly known is its falafel. Two competing falafel establishments, Haemek (of the valley) and Hanasi (presidential), have a long-standing rivalry. In fact, though, there is little difference in quality or price between the two, so the distinction is irrelevant.

It might be asked how one is to get there and where one might stay once there. From the Tel Aviv Central Bus Station one an Egged bus for either Afula or Kiryat Shmona, on the way to which Afula lies. Most of these bus lines number in the 830s or 840s. As for staying, it should be said, Don't. If however for some reason overnight lodging is vitally necessary, many of the nearby settlements have decent accomodations - Mizra has a hotel, called Nof Tavor, and both Bet Hashita and En Harod have guest houses.

One final sad note is that Afula is located very close to the West Bank, and in particular the city of Jenin. This means that a few times in recent years it has been subjected to terrorist attacks, killing innocent people. A memorial to the victims of these attacks stands near the central bus station. However, considering the extremely low crime rate of the place Afula is in fact an extremely safe little city, and this Reasearcher believes it is worth visiting, if only once.