Constellations: Overview
| Andromeda
| Antlia
| Apus
| Aquarius
| Aquila
| Ara
| Aries
| Auriga
| Boötes
| Caelum
Camelopardalis
| Cancer
| Canes Venatici
| Canis Major
| Canis Minor
| Capricornus
| Carina
| Cassiopeia
| Centaurus
Cepheus
| Cetus
| Chamæleon
| Circinus
| Columba
| Coma Berenices
| Corona Australis
| Corona Borealis
| Corvus
Crater
| Crux
| Cygnus
| Delphinus
| Dorado
| Draco
| Equuleus
| Eridanus
| Fornax
| Gemini
| Grus
| Hercules
| Horologium
Hydra
| Hydrus
| Indus
| Lacerta
| Leo
| Leo Minor
| Lepus
| Libra
| Lupus
| Lynx
| Lyra
| Mensa
| Microscopium
| Monoceros
Musca
| Norma
| Octans
| Ophiuchus
| Orion
| Pavo
| Pegasus
| Perseus
| Phoenix
| Pictor
| Pisces
| Piscis Austrinus
Puppis
| Pyxis
| Reticulum
| Sagitta
| Sagittarius
| Scorpius
| Sculptor
| Scutum
| Serpens
| Sextans
| Taurus
Telescopium
| Triangulum
| Triangulum Australe
| Tucana
| Ursa Major
| Ursa Minor
| Vela
| Virgo
| Volans
| Vulpecula
| Name: | Camelopardalis (Latin: 'Giraffe') |
| Genitive: | Camelopardalis |
| Short form: | Cam |
| Area: | 757 sq deg |
| Co-ordinates1: | Right Ascension 06h, Declination +70° |
| Origin: | Modern |
Camelopardalis2 is a northern polar constellation. The head and neck of Camelopardalis encroaches into Draco and Ursa Minor's circumpolar constellations, and its body and legs are sandwiched between Ursa Major and Cassiopeia. Southerly borders are with Perseus, Auriga and Lynx.
It has no bright stars, the highest magnitude being the beta star at +4. However, there's a plentiful supply of galaxies to keep the telescope owner happy, due to the positioning away from the spiral arm of our galaxy. Two NGC objects are an open cluster and a planetary nebula, and three stars have superjovian planets.
History
The giraffe constellation has no fanciful mythology as its brethren seem to have, but there is some mystery surrounding the history of its origin. Some researchers believe a star map by the Dutch cartographer Petrus Plancius (1552 - 1622) was reprinted in the constellation book by Jakob Bartsch in 1624. Others think Bartsch invented the constellation himself, to honour the camel in the Biblical story of Rebecca and Isaac.
The word 'camelopard' describes the giraffe as being an amalgamation of the camel and the pard. What's a pard? According to Isidore of Seville who wrote Etymologies: 'The pard: a beast of many colours, is very swift, likes blood, and kills with a leap'.
Stars
The stars of Camelopardalis don't have proper names because the constellation is a modern one. The Greek letter system (known as the 'Bayer designation') barely applies because some significant stars have only recently been discovered.
Camelopardalis has some interesting variable stars: CS Cam; BE Cam; VZ Cam; 53 Cam; 12 Cam; 11 Cam and 3 Cam. The stars 11 Cam, a blue-white dwarf, and 12 Cam, an orange giant, form a binary star system — they orbit each other every 80 days.
The body of the giraffe is formed by the stars alpha, beta, gamma and BE Cam. A line from the alpha star to M Cam gives us the famous elongated neck, and the star HD 42818 marks the snout. The giraffe's front leg is formed by tracing a line from beta Cam to 7 Cam and similarly by connecting BE Cam with CS Cam (the hind leg) completes the animal shape.
Star Table
| Star | Designation | Brightness (m) | Distance
(light years3) | Spectral classification
and/or comments |
| β Cam | beta Cam | +4.03 | 997 | Yellow supergiant |
| α Cam | alpha Cam | +4.2 | 6,900 | Blue supergiant |
| γ Cam | gamma Cam | +4.6 | 355 | White subgiant |
| BE Cam | BE Cam | +4 var | 1,050 | Red giant |
| HD 42818 | HD 42818 | +4.7 | 176 | White dwarf |
| 7 Cam | HD 31278 | +4.4 | 350 | Triple star system |
| CS Cam | HD 21291 | +4 var | 4,300 | Binary star system |
| M Cam | HD 49878 | +4.5 | 180 | Orange giant |
| VZ Cam | HD 55966 | +5 var | 450 | Red giant |
| 3 Cam | HD 29317 | +5 var | 500 | Orange giant |
| 11 Cam | BV Cam | +5 var | 620 | Blue-white dwarf; binary with 12 Cam |
| 12 Cam | BM Cam | +6 var | 625 | Orange giant; binary with 11 Cam |
| 53 Cam | AX Cam | +6 var | 320 | White dwarf |
New General Catalogue (NGC)
The NGC was compiled by John Louis Emil Dreyer (the director of the Armagh Observatory from 1882 to 1916).
A stunningly beautiful cascade of stars seems to flow into the open star cluster NGC 1502. This asterism is named 'Kemble's Cascade' after Father Lucian Kemble, a Franciscan monk and amateur astronomer who died in 1999.
NGC Table
| Catalogue | Type | Brightness (m) | Distance
(light years) | Remarks |
| NGC 1501 | Planetary nebula | +15.2 | 4,890 | Irregular disc |
| NGC 1502 | Open cluster | +6.9 | 821 | +40 stars; situated between
alpha and beta Cam |
| NGC 1569 | Starburst galaxy | +12 | 7m | Dwarf irregular |
| NGC 2403 | Galaxy | +8.4 | 10m | CW spiral |
Extrasolar Planets in Camelopardalis
There have been some extrasolar planetary systems found in the constellation Camelopardalis up to 2009; the first was discovered in 2003. Figures given in the table below are the length of the planet's orbital period around its parent star, which we know of as a year. The mass of the extrasolar planet is compared to that of Jupiter, our Solar System's largest planet, known by astronomers as the 'Jovian scale'.
The planet HD 33564 b is in that star system's habitable zone but it is a gas giant which has a mass nine times that of Jupiter and the gravitational force would be phenomenal. If the planet were to have any rocky moons with an atmosphere then they are likely candidates for the search for extra-terrestrial life.
Extrasolar Planets Table
Star name or
catalogue number | Planet
catalogue number | Planet mass
(Jovian scale) | Orbital period
(Earth days) | Year of discovery | Comments |
| HD 32518 | HD 32518 b | 3.04 | 157.5 | 2009 | Superjovian; low eccentricity |
| XO-3 | XO-3 b | 11.79 | 3.19 | 2007 | Hot superjovian |
| HD 33564 | HD 33564 b | 9.2 | 388 | 2005 | Superjovian; eccentric orbit; habitable zone |
| HD 104985 | HD 104985 b | 6.33 | 198 | 2003 | Superjovian |
